Routing Facts
A router is a device that sends packets from one network to another network. Routers receive packets, read their headers to find addressing information, and send them on to their correct destination on the network or Internet. Routers can forward packets through an internetwork by maintaining routing information in a database called a routing table. The routing table typically contains the address of all known networks and routing information about that network such as:
- Interface
- Routing Path
- Next Hop
- Route Metric (Cost)
- Route Timeout
Routers build and maintain their routing database by periodically sharing information with other routers. The exact format of these exchanges is based on the routing protocol. The routing protocol determines:
- The information contained in the routing table
- How messages are routed from one network to another
- How topology changes (i.e. updates to the routing table) are communicated between routers
Regardless of the method used, changes in routing information take some time to be propagated to all routers on the network. The term convergence is used to describe the condition when all routers have the same (or correct) routing information.
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